On the other hand, if the cable is drawn by using as the first end, the cable end, that belongs to the cable that lies on the lower height, and the "upper" cable as the second end, the result will be as follows:. With the connection point as the first end using a "point" snap , the second end in between and the third end on the vertical cable using a "perpendicular" or centre snap the section shown below is created:.
If an "endpoint" or "nearest" snap had been used for the column in the ground plan above , the connection would not have been properly executed. It would have also been possible to work in 3 dimensions and enter a "perpendicular" snap by showing the vertical cable and therefore achieve a proper connection. More specifically, there are two basic commands: Cabling parallel to Wall: A cable parallel to the wall walls is drawn by the user, with a given distance from the wall, in printing mm which depends on the printing scale as well.
The program asks for the first point and afterwards the wall or the walls successively parallel to which in a certain fixed distance the cable is to be drawn. For instance, if the connection point of the corner is inserted as the first point in the ground plan shown below and then the three walls of the room are "selected", a cable parallel to these walls will be constructed.
The reason for that is that the program draws a vertical line from the first point to the parallel line defined by the other two points. Cabling parallel to Points: A cable is drawn parallel to the points defined by the user supported by automatic snap , with a given distance from the zigzag line defined by these points.
The program asks for the first point and then for the other points successively parallel to which it is desired to have the cable drawn. When all points are inserted and you right click , the distance is requested. Cabling parallel to Wall or Points and Receptor Connection: This is a particularly useful command similar to the two commands above "Cabling parallel to wall" and "Cabling parallel to points", which, however, enable selecting the receptors to be connected on the routing cabling or wiring which will be drawn parallel to the walls or the points.
Therefore, it is possible to connect a whole set of luminaires to the main panel, with just a few moves.
More specifically, by selecting the "cabling parallel to points and receptor connection" command the following options appear: Select receptors: Select the receptors to be connected to the cable applied in a parallel arrangement against the wall by defining certain points on the wall. The points are shown on the drawing with an X.
The program draws the cable and connects it to the receptors i. Connect receptors to an existing cable: This command enables you to select the receptors to be connected to an already existing cabling. This command requires the selection of the receptors and the cable to get connected. The program draws network segments from the receptor connection point vertically on the existing line. Assume that the spot lights have been placed on the plan view and you want to have them connected to a main supply cable.
Select the command "Connect receptors to an existing cable" and the following options will appear: Select receptors: Select the receptors you want to have connected to the existing line. Select a cable: Select the cable to which you would like to connect the receptors. Then the program will automatically connect the receptors to the main cable. Multi cabling: This command supports the drawing of multiple parallel cables.
Thus, it is allowed to copy, move or erase etc. During drawing, the rules below should be followed: Cables supplying the receptors electrical appliances should be connected to the touch points of these receptors. Obviously only one cable can be connected to a touch point. The connection with the touch points, which appear as stars in the ground plan, can be done with the 4MCAD "esnap" function, which can be activated by clicking the middle mouse button for a 3button mouse or by pressing Shift and the right mouse button for a 2-button mouse.
Therefore, if you press the middle button while drawing a cable, the "touch point" is selected NODE. Cabling can be connected to one another and extend in any way as long as they do not form loops, something which does not apply to reality anyway.
If however a mistake occurs, the program during the identification procedure will perform all checks and indicate the mistake and its location to the user. A necessary step before the "recognition" is defining the point a where the network starts and that is the supply point a.
In reality, this point corresponds to the counter. This point appears on the screen as a square symbol. Although there are no limitations regarding the order of actions followed in drawing an installation, the following order is suggested: 1.
Receptor Placement 2. Drawing the vertical cabling 3. Drawing the horizontal cable segments 4. Defining the Supply point s 5. Network Recognition Identification The program locates the receptor loads by their features within the numeric libraries. Since the receptors of an installation cannot usually fit to a screen, it is possible to move to following pages where additional receptors appear.
Placing a receptor can be done simply through the following steps: 1. Then the user can see that the receptor moves on the ground plan with the graphic cursor.
If you move the mouse properly, the receptor can be carried in such a way that its base point which coincides with the cross of the graphic cursor can be placed in the desirable point. Right click to confirm your selection. If you move the mouse again, the receptor will rotate around the base point. Thus, if you confirm the angle in which you desire to have the receptor placed again by right clicking , the receptor "freezes" in its final position.
Another option related to the placement of the receptors is: By checking properly the box on the upper-right side of the window, the user can insert and place either the whole receptor or only its touch points connection points in the ground plan. This is important when an existing ground plan includes already drawn receptors and there is no need to redraw them, but just move the touch points so that the information for the respective receptors is available for the calculations component.
Note: Since names might not be fully shown in the receptor slides, on the upper part of the dialogue box exists the indication "Current symbol" with the full name of the selected receptor. Regarding the installation height of a receptor, it should be pointed out that receptors are always installed in the current height.
The current height can be changed with the "Set elevation" command. Example: Assume that a luminaire has to be installed in a 2. Then you can see the luminaire moving on the plan view together with the graphic cursor. If the mouse is moved properly, the luminaire can be moved in such a way that its base point which coincides with the cross of the graphic cursor will be placed in the respective point.
It can now be noticed that if the mouse moves, the luminaire rotates around the base point. Thus, if you confirm the angle in which you desire to install the receptor, the luminaire can be seen in its final position. Two additional commands related to the receptors location are described below: Receptors grid: It is also possible to draw grids eg. Automatic placement of receptors: It is possible to install the receptors automatically in the plan view and more specifically to install receptors at a spaces centre.
Of course the user can proceed to any modifications e. Automatic placement of lamp centrally: It is possible to install a luminaire automatically in the plan view and more specifically to install it at a spaces centre. Control Receptors from switch: This option allows the line name display in a receptor and its correspondent switch. The user can write a text in an easy way and place it next to the luminaires and their switches.
This text contains the line number and the serial number of the control switch and indicates the relationship between the receptor and its switch.
There are simple drawings without numerical attributes. When the user selects this option, a window appears in which certain numeric data and drawing parameters are requested to be filled. By pressing the buttons Color and Linetype, the user can select respectively the color and linetype of the earthing conductor line. By pressing the button Points, the program asks for the successive points for the conductors drawing 1st point, 2nd point, etc.
Having selected the last point, the user presses the right mouse button or ENTER in order to have the design finished. Simultaneously, the earthing conductor initial window appears again.
By pressing the button Sign, the program asks for the earthing conductor signs insertion point. When the user selects Accept, the command is completed. Through the recognition, nodes and receptors are numbered on the ground plan.
Notes: 1. If a receptor is not numbered, that means that the receptor is not connected to the network. If a network segment has a different colour, it cannot be connected to the network.
Connect it or select "Break at selected point" at the connection point with the previous cable. If the user wants to move the number of a junction point or a receptor, he can do it by using the grips. For transferring the data from the drawings, the user has to select "Update from Drawing" in the menu "Files" of the corresponding calculating application and press "Yes" to the question "Calculate". As a result, all the network segments along with their lengths, the receptors with their power values etc, are transferred within the calculation sheet.
This information is saved automatically in a specific layer in which the user can intervene, according to the above-described overall layer management. By selecting it, the program asks for the location in the drawing to insert it. If the drawing exists then the program asks the user about updating it. All the drawings are editable by the user. The first option shows the numerical data while the "Drawings" option opens the dialog box corresponding to the drawings:.
Kind of Symbol: This the category type where the symbol belongs. Location of Symbol: It refers to the position of the symbol, which you want to view or insert in the library, as well as in the numerical data library. Symbol name: This is registered in the "numerical data" libraries.
There is a set of commands on the right side of the screen, which enable the insertion of a slide in a position within the library. More specifically: Slide screen: The slide screen provides a dynamic zoom in the drawing. This capability is particularly useful in case it is desirable to insert a lot of symbols at the same time.
Enter Slide: This option enables saving the current screen as a slide. On the left side, a set of commands helps you to define a block and insert it in the library. It consists of the following commands which should be followed in the given order. Touch point: Insert and place the receptor touch points connection points.
If you do not want to have the touch points printed in the final drawings, the "touchpoints" layer should be de-activated select "Freeze" in the "Layer Manager". Insertion point: Determines the point according to which the drawing will be inserted. Select Object s : Select which entities of your drawing will create the Block.
It should be pointed out that, in case the symbol type stands for a receptor or an accessory, the receptor touch points as well as the receptor attributes should be also determined. Enter drawing: Run this command to save the selected block in the respective library directory. As mentioned above, the steps according to which a standard electrical network is drawn, are the following: Select from the libraries and install on the ground plan all the load receptors sockets, light fixtures one or in a grid etc , the panels and the other installation equipment switches etc.
Draw the horizontal and vertical cablings from and to the panels, according to the existing layout of connections. Define the supply point of the main panel. Network Recognition Calculations Update Drawing Panel Single-Line Diagrams Panels Distribution diagram In this simple example assume that you want to connect the panel of the following ground plan to a line that supplies the 2 sockets on the left and to a second line that supplies the sub-panel on the right , the latter being connected to the water heater.
After placing the receptors also using the "setelev" command to move to different levels , the ground plan is the following:. Run the Cabling command, which is completely similar to the Cabling command of the example in section 5.
Finally, the following ground plan comes up:. If you have defined a supply point and select Network Recognition, the network is recognized and the panels are automatically named with letters, plus the letter P for Panel , that is panel A. P which is always the main panel , panel B. P and so on. In case some panels are not named, this means that they are not connected to the network, in which case you should check the connection points. If none of the panels is named, you should check if the supply point network starting point has been defined correctly.
As soon as the network is recognized and you select Calculations, the calculation sheet opens. There you will see those panels along with their lines e. Return from the calculation sheet to the ground plan and run the command Update Drawing. The ground plan layouts of the Electrical installation are automatically updated, especially the distribution lines, so that a full and immediate supervision of the installation network can be possible, in reference with the calculation sheet data and the panel diagrams.
Working in a similar manner, you can draw larger networks, like the one depicted in the following ground plan:. In a large installation like the previous one, you can observe in detail how lines should start from the main panel , so that clarity and increased supervision are possible.
Furthermore, the user should pay attention to the following details: Lines should start from the panel touch points and follow a completely separate route meaning that they are not allowed to have a common segment or having a common starting segment and then split. Lines between panels start from the supply panels touch point and end at the subpanel touch point.
Especially for the main panel A , the supply line, which also ends at its touch point, should start from any point other than a touch point.
This way, the panel supply line is actually drawn; the first point of which should be defined as the Supply Point". The horizontal segment that is connected to the panel touch point should be at the same level with the touch point. That is, no vertical segment should exist at the touch point.
In order for the panel and the distribution diagram layouts to be created, you should have created a DXF or DWG file for the panels and the charts respectively, within the calculating environment, as in the "Single-pipe System" application.
The logical parameters - drawing commands are again defined in the "Autofine. In case you want to perform a Nets study, you should select the Nets project in the "Select Application" option, in order to have an independent layer management.
Each module can be used either independently, by filling the respective numeric data, or in co-operation with the CAD component of FineELEC, in which case the calculation environment acquires automatically the data directly from the drawings.
At the top of the application window appear the general options of each application menu, constituted of the group options "Files", "Project Data", "View", Windows, "Libraries" and "Help". In details: New project: Type a name in order to save the new project in a file.
Project Selection: A window appears where you can select the desired existing project file and load it. Update from Drawing: As pre-mentioned earlier, by selecting this option, the project calculation sheets are updated with the drawing data. Save Project: The project you are currently working on is saved on the hard disc with the previously given name. Save Project As Load Prototype: The saved prototype appears on the screen. Save As Prototype: The form, which has been created by the user and is displayed on the screen when this option is selected, is saved as a Prototype.
Printing Prototypes: The printing prototype management window is activated. Adv Mater Lett. Immobilization of halophilic Aspergillus awamori EM66 exochitinase on grafted k-carrageenan-alginate beads 3. Antibacterial effects of curcumin: an in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration study.
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Facile electrospinning of an efficient drug delivery system. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. Sustained wound healing activity of curcumin loaded oleic acid based polymeric bandage in a rat model. Mol Pharma. Modification of nanostructured ZnO surfaces with curcumin: fluorescence-based sensing for arsenic and improving arsenic removal by ZnO. Synergistic antibacterial effect of curcumin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Curcumin reverse methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Curcumin improves wound healing by modulating collagen and decreasing reactive oxygen species.
Mol Cell Biochem. Ciprofloxacin conjugated zinc oxide nanoparticle: a camouflage towards multidrug resistant bacteria. Bull Mater Sci. Role of coagulase-negative staphylococci in human disease. Vet Microbiol. Zinc oxide nanoparticles for selective destruction of tumor cells and potential for drug delivery applications. Expert Opin Drug Deli. Selective toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles to prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. Appl Phys Lett. New polymorphs of curcumin. Chem Commun.
Review on zinc oxide nanoparticles: antibacterial activity and toxicity mechanism. Nano Micro Lett. Antibiotic susceptibility and multiplex PCR analysis of coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from laboratory workers. Studies on coexistence of mec gene, IS and novel sasX gene among human clinical coagulase-negative staphylococci 3.
Clinical significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci recovered from nonsterile sites. J Clin Microbiol. Inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticle fabricated urinary catheter on colonization efficiency of coagulase negative staphylococci. J Photochem Photobiol B. Nanotechnology-based therapies for skin wound regeneration. J Nanomater. Size-controlled synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and their photoluminescence properties.
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